Results for 'David J. Hesselgrave'

961 found
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  1.  47
    Early recurrent feedback facilitates visual object recognition under challenging conditions.Dean Wyatte, David J. Jilk & Randall C. O'Reilly - 2014 - Frontiers in Psychology 5.
  2.  99
    A descriptive multi-attribute utility model for everyday decisions.Jie W. Weiss, David J. Weiss & Ward Edwards - 2010 - Theory and Decision 68 (1-2):101-114.
    We propose a descriptive version of the classical multi-attribute utility model; to that end, we add a new parameter, momentary salience, to the customary formulation. The addition of this parameter allows the theory to accommodate changes in the decision maker’s mood and circumstances, as the saliencies of anticipated consequences are driven by concerns of the moment. By allowing for the number of consequences given attention at the moment of decision to vary, the new model mutes the criticism that SEU models (...)
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  3.  2
    Jumping to fixations: jumping to conclusions is associated with less hypothesis generation and more fixation.James G. Hillman, Brooke Burrows, Dana Jessen & David J. Hauser - forthcoming - Thinking and Reasoning.
    People who score high in the jumping to conclusions bias (JTC) require relatively little evidence to reach highly confident conclusions. However, they often feel as though they have done ample research in informing their decisions. What factors could account for this discrepancy? The current research examines one potential factor: how individuals (with varying degrees of the JTC bias) generate hypotheses to explain uncertain events prior to searching for evidence. Study 1 demonstrated that high JTC participants generated fewer hypotheses but were (...)
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  4.  58
    Integration of Social Information by Human Groups.Boris Granovskiy, Jason M. Gold, David J. T. Sumpter & Robert L. Goldstone - 2015 - Topics in Cognitive Science 7 (3):469-493.
    We consider a situation in which individuals search for accurate decisions without direct feedback on their accuracy, but with information about the decisions made by peers in their group. The “wisdom of crowds” hypothesis states that the average judgment of many individuals can give a good estimate of, for example, the outcomes of sporting events and the answers to trivia questions. Two conditions for the application of wisdom of crowds are that estimates should be independent and unbiased. Here, we study (...)
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  5.  19
    Controlled growth behavior of chemical vapor deposited Ni nanostructures.Keith T. Chan, Jimmy J. Kan, Christopher Doran, Lu Ouyang, David J. Smith & Eric E. Fullerton - 2012 - Philosophical Magazine 92 (17):2173-2186.
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  6. Chiavacci, David (2018). Inequality and the 2017 election: decreasing dominance of Abenomics and regional revitalization. In: Pekkanen, Robert J.; Reed, Steven R.; Scheiner, Ethan; Smith, Daniel M.. Japan Decides 2017. New York, 219-242.David Chiavacci, Robert J. Pekkanen, Steven R. Reed, Ethan Scheiner & Daniel M. Smith (eds.) - 2018
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  7.  30
    More Than Words: Extra-Sylvian Neuroanatomic Networks Support Indirect Speech Act Comprehension and Discourse in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.Meghan Healey, Erica Howard, Molly Ungrady, Christopher A. Olm, Naomi Nevler, David J. Irwin & Murray Grossman - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Indirect speech acts—responding “I forgot to wear my watch today” to someone who asked for the time—are ubiquitous in daily conversation, but are understudied in current neurobiological models of language. To comprehend an indirect speech act like this one, listeners must not only decode the lexical-semantic content of the utterance, but also make a pragmatic, bridging inference. This inference allows listeners to derive the speaker’s true, intended meaning—in the above dialog, for example, that the speaker cannot provide the time. In (...)
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  8.  64
    Adverse Selection in the Children’s Health Insurance Program.A. Morrisey Michael, Blackburn Justin, J. Becker David, Sen Bisakha, L. Kilgore Meredith, Caldwell Cathy & Menachemi Nir - 2015 - Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 52:004695801559355.
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  9.  16
    We Don’t Offer What Can’t Be Chosen: Why Harmful Consequences Should Not Be “Decisive” in Assessing Decision-Making.Philip Day, Marc Tunzi & David J. Satin - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (10):60-62.
    In this Open Peer Commentary, we draw on our clinical experience to argue that instrumental paternalism carves a pathway to competent refusal of medical intervention. Whether C successfully navigat...
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  10.  20
    A model of human response to workload stress.Moira Lemay, Frances Layton & David J. Townsend - 1990 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28 (6):547-550.
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  11.  16
    Loyalists, Localists, and Legibility: The Calibrated Control of Provincial Leadership Teams in China.Kyle A. Jaros & David J. Bulman - 2020 - Politics and Society 48 (2):199-234.
    Selecting provincial leaders is a fraught task for authoritarian regimes. Although central authorities more readily trust provincial leaders with close ties to the center, such loyalists may lack the local knowledge and connections necessary to govern adeptly. Using an original data set on the tenures and backgrounds of China’s provincial party standing committee members, this article explores how Beijing fine-tunes provincial leadership teams to resolve this dilemma. The analysis challenges the conventional wisdom that Beijing exerts its tightest personnel control in (...)
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  12.  24
    How easy is it to judge ease of learning?Eugene B. Zechmeister & David J. Bennett - 1991 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 29 (1):36-38.
  13. “A sketch is like a sentence”: Curriculum structures that support teaching epistemic practices of science.Mark Enfield, Edward L. Smith & David J. Grueber - 2008 - Science Education 92 (4):608-630.
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  14.  2
    Proof-theoretic Semantics for Intuitionistic Multiplicative Linear Logic.Alexander V. Gheorghiu, Tao Gu & David J. Pym - forthcoming - Studia Logica:1-61.
    Proof-theoretic semantics (P-tS) is an innovative approach to grounding logical meaning in terms of proofs rather than traditional truth-conditional semantics. The point is not that one provides a proof system, but rather that one articulates meaning in terms of proofs and provability. To elucidate this paradigm shift, we commence with an introduction that contrasts the fundamental tenets of P-tS with the more prevalent model-theoretic approach to semantics. The contribution of this paper is a P-tS for a substructural logic, intuitionistic multiplicative (...)
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  15. Evolution in thermodynamic perspective: An ecological approach. [REVIEW]Bruce H. Weber, David J. Depew, C. Dyke, Stanley N. Salthe, Eric D. Schneider, Robert E. Ulanowicz & Jeffrey S. Wicken - 1989 - Biology and Philosophy 4 (4):373-405.
    Recognition that biological systems are stabilized far from equilibrium by self-organizing, informed, autocatalytic cycles and structures that dissipate unusable energy and matter has led to recent attempts to reformulate evolutionary theory. We hold that such insights are consistent with the broad development of the Darwinian Tradition and with the concept of natural selection. Biological systems are selected that re not only more efficient than competitors but also enhance the integrity of the web of energetic relations in which they are embedded. (...)
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  16.  26
    Book Review Section 4. [REVIEW]Phyllis A. Katz, F. Raymond Mckenna, H. George Bonekemper, Charles E. Alberti, Larry L. Lorten, Richard H. Cummings, Richard S. Prawat, John P. Rickards, Joseph L. Devitis, Judith W. Leslie, Charles K. West, George F. Luger, David J. Kleinke, William E. Loadman & Laura D. Harckham - unknown
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  17.  47
    The Illusion of 'Rational' SuicideSuicide: The Philosophical Issues. [REVIEW]David Peretz, M. Pabst Battin & David J. Mayo - 1981 - Hastings Center Report 11 (6):40.
  18.  10
    Plato and Plotinus on mysticism, epistemology, and ethics.David J. Yount - 2017 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
    This book argues against the common view that there are no essential differences between Plato and the Neoplatonist philosopher, Plotinus, on the issues of mysticism, epistemology, and ethics. Beginning by examining the ways in which Plato and Plotinus claim that it is possible to have an ultimate experience that answers the most significant philosophical questions, David J. Yount provides an extended analysis of why we should interpret both philosophers as mystics. The book then moves on to demonstrate that both (...)
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  19.  13
    Rebirth of the translational machinery: The importance of recycling ribosomes.David J. Young & Nicholas R. Guydosh - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (4):2100269.
    Translation of the genetic code occurs in a cycle where ribosomes engage mRNAs, synthesize protein, and then disengage in order to repeat the process again. The final part of this process—ribosome recycling, where ribosomes dissociate from mRNAs—involves a complex molecular choreography of specific protein factors to remove the large and small subunits of the ribosome in a coordinated fashion. Errors in this process can lead to the accumulation of ribosomes at stop codons or translation of downstream open reading frames (ORFs). (...)
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  20. Could a large language model be conscious?David J. Chalmers - 2023 - Boston Review 1.
    [This is an edited version of a keynote talk at the conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) on November 28, 2022, with some minor additions and subtractions.] -/- There has recently been widespread discussion of whether large language models might be sentient or conscious. Should we take this idea seriously? I will break down the strongest reasons for and against. Given mainstream assumptions in the science of consciousness, there are significant obstacles to consciousness in current models: for example, their (...)
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  21. (1 other version)Studies in Presocratic Philosophy Edited by David J. Furley and R.E. Allen. --.David J. Furley & Reginald E. Allen - 1970 - Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  22.  72
    Strangers at the Bedside: A History of How Law and Bioethics Transformed Medical Decision Making.David J. Rothman - 2003 - New York: Aldinetransaction.
    Introduction: making the invisible visible -- The nobility of the material -- Research at war -- The guilded age of research -- The doctor as whistle-blower -- New rules for the laboratory -- Bedside ethics -- The doctor as stranger -- Life through death -- Commissioning ethics -- No one to trust -- New rules for the bedside -- Epilogue: The price of success.
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  23. Consciousness and the Collapse of the Wave Function.David J. Chalmers & Kelvin J. McQueen - 2022 - In Shan Gao, Consciousness and Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, Usa.
    Does consciousness collapse the quantum wave function? This idea was taken seriously by John von Neumann and Eugene Wigner but is now widely dismissed. We develop the idea by combining a mathematical theory of consciousness (integrated information theory) with an account of quantum collapse dynamics (continuous spontaneous localization). Simple versions of the theory are falsified by the quantum Zeno effect, but more complex versions remain compatible with empirical evidence. In principle, versions of the theory can be tested by experiments with (...)
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  24. Phenomenal Structuralism.David J. Chalmers - 2012 - In David Chalmers, Constructing the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 412-422.
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  25. Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission.David J. Bosch - 1991
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  26. Utilitarianism, Rights and Equality: David J. Crossley.David J. Crossley - 1990 - Utilitas 2 (1):40-54.
    Bentham's dictum, ‘everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one’, is frequently noted but seldom discussed by commentators. Perhaps it is not thought contentious or exciting because interpreted as merely reminding the utilitarian legislator to make certain that each person's interests are included, that no one is missed, in working the felicific calculus. Since no interests are secure against the maximizing directive of the utility principle, which allows them to be overridden or sacrificed, the dictum is not usually (...)
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  27.  37
    Two studies in the Greek atomists: study I, Indivisible magnitudes; study II, Aristotle and Epicurus on voluntary action.David J. Furley - 1967 - Princeton, N.J.,: Princeton University Press.
    The two studies, "Indivisible Magnitudes," and “Aristotle and Epicurus on Voluntary Action,” explain two doctrines in the philosophy of Epicurus, first by a detailed examination of the ancient Greek and Latin texts which describe them, and second by showing how earlier Greek philosophy gave rise to the problems Epicurus tackled. Originally published in 1967. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve (...)
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  28. Propositional interpretability in artificial intelligence.David J. Chalmers - manuscript
    Mechanistic interpretability is the program of explaining what AI systems are doing in terms of their internal mechanisms. I analyze some aspects of the program, along with setting out some concrete challenges and assessing progress to date. I argue for the importance of propositional interpretability, which involves interpreting a system’s mechanisms and behav- ior in terms of propositional attitudes: attitudes (such as belief, desire, or subjective probabil- ity) to propositions (e.g. the proposition that it is hot outside). Propositional attitudes are (...)
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  29.  49
    Combined action observation and imagery facilitates corticospinal excitability.David J. Wright, Jacqueline Williams & Paul S. Holmes - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  30.  21
    Kierkegaard's Instant: On Beginnings.David J. Kangas - 2007 - Indiana University Press.
    In Kierkegaard’s Instant, David J. Kangas reads Kierkegaard to reveal his radical thinking about temporality. For Kierkegaard, the instant of becoming, in which everything changes in the blink of an eye, eludes recollection and anticipation. It constitutes a beginning always already at work. As Kangas shows, Kierkegaard’s retrieval of the sudden quality of temporality allows him to stage a deep critique of the idealist projects of Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. By linking Kierkegaard’s thought to the tradition of Meister Eckhart, (...)
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  31. Inferentialism, Australian style.David J. Chalmers - 2021 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 92.
  32.  26
    Natural Teleology.David J. Buller - 1999 - In Function, Selection, and Design. State University of New York Press. pp. 1-27.
    This paper is the introduction to Function, Selection, and Design, consisting of the following sections: 1. Introduction 2. The Philosophical Problem 3. Recent Prehistory: The "State of the Art" in the 1960s 4. Wright and Cummins 5. Millikan 6. The Core Consensus and the Peripheral Disagreements 7. Unconclusion.
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  33.  42
    Personal Values’ Influence on the Ethical Dimension of Decision Making.David J. Fritzsche & Effy Oz - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 75 (4):335-343.
    Personal values have long been associated with individual decision behavior. The role played by personal values in decision making within an organization is less clear. Past research has found that managers tend to respond to ethical dilemmas situationally. This study examines the relationship between personal values and the ethical dimension of decision making using Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. The study examines personal values as they relate to five types of ethical dilemmas. We found a significant positive contribution of altruistic (...)
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  34.  30
    The School Effect: A Study of Multi-Racial Comprehensives.David J. Smith & Sally Tomlinson - 1990 - British Journal of Educational Studies 38 (2):187-188.
  35. Darwinism Evolving. System Dynamics and the Genealogy of Natural Selection.David J. Depew, Bruce H. Weber & Ernst Mayr - 1996 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 18 (1):135.
     
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  36. Debate: What is Personhood in the Age of AI?David J. Gunkel & Jordan Joseph Wales - 2021 - AI and Society 36 (2):473–486.
    In a friendly interdisciplinary debate, we interrogate from several vantage points the question of “personhood” in light of contemporary and near-future forms of social AI. David J. Gunkel approaches the matter from a philosophical and legal standpoint, while Jordan Wales offers reflections theological and psychological. Attending to metaphysical, moral, social, and legal understandings of personhood, we ask about the position of apparently personal artificial intelligences in our society and individual lives. Re-examining the “person” and questioning prominent construals of that (...)
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  37. The computational and the representational language-of-thought hypotheses.David J. Chalmers - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e269.
    There are two versions of the language-of-thought hypothesis (LOT): Representational LOT (roughly, structured representation), introduced by Ockham, and computational LOT (roughly, symbolic computation) introduced by Fodor. Like many others, I oppose the latter but not the former. Quilty-Dunn et al. defend representational LOT, but they do not defend the strong computational LOT thesis central to the classical-connectionist debate.
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  38. Does thought require sensory grounding? From pure thinkers to large language models.David J. Chalmers - 2023 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 97:22-45.
    Does the capacity to think require the capacity to sense? A lively debate on this topic runs throughout the history of philosophy and now animates discussions of artificial intelligence. Many have argued that AI systems such as large language models cannot think and understand if they lack sensory grounding. I argue that thought does not require sensory grounding: there can be pure thinkers who can think without any sensory capacities. As a result, the absence of sensory grounding does not entail (...)
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  39. The Problem of Respecting Higher-Order Doubt.David J. Alexander - 2013 - Philosophers' Imprint 13.
    This paper argues that higher-order doubt generates an epistemic dilemma. One has a higher-order doubt with regards to P insofar as one justifiably withholds belief as to what attitude towards P is justified. That is, one justifiably withholds belief as to whether one is justified in believing, disbelieving, or withholding belief in P. Using the resources provided by Richard Feldman’s recent discussion of how to respect one’s evidence, I argue that if one has a higher-order doubt with regards to P, (...)
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  40. The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on Ai, Robots, and Ethics.David J. Gunkel - 2012 - MIT Press.
    One of the enduring concerns of moral philosophy is deciding who or what is deserving of ethical consideration. Much recent attention has been devoted to the "animal question" -- consideration of the moral status of nonhuman animals. In this book, David Gunkel takes up the "machine question": whether and to what extent intelligent and autonomous machines of our own making can be considered to have legitimate moral responsibilities and any legitimate claim to moral consideration. The machine question poses a (...)
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  41.  14
    Cognitive style, cortical stimulation, and the conversion hypothesis.David J. M. Kraemer, Roy H. Hamilton, Samuel B. Messing, Jennifer H. DeSantis & Sharon L. Thompson-Schill - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  42. (1 other version)Adapting Minds: Evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature.David J. Buller - 2005 - MIT Press.
    In the carefully argued central chapters of Adapting Minds, Buller scrutinizes several of evolutionary psychology's most highly publicized "...
  43. On language and thought : a question of formats.David J. Lobina & Jose Garcia-Albea - 2017 - In Roberto G. De Almeida & Lila R. Gleitman, On Concepts, Modules, and Language: Cognitive Science at its Core. New York, NY: Oup Usa.
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  44.  8
    Religious and Secular Foundations of Universal Human Rights and Equality before the Law.David J. Klassen - 2014 - Philosophy, Culture, and Traditions 10:35-51.
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  45.  31
    Labour, Science and Technology in France, 1500-1620, by Henry Heller.David J. Sturdy - 1998 - Minerva 36 (2):191-200.
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  46. Self-construction through consumption activities: an analysis and review of alternatives.David J. Burns - 2006 - In Paul C. Vitz & Susan M. Felch, The self: beyond the postmodern crisis. Wilmington, De.: ISI Books. pp. 149--167.
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  47. The nature of epistemic space.David J. Chalmers - 2011 - In Andy Egan & Brian Weatherson, Epistemic Modality. Oxford, GB: Oxford University Press.
    A natural way to think about epistemic possibility is as follows. When it is epistemically possible (for a subject) that p, there is an epistemically possible scenario (for that subject) in which p. The epistemic scenarios together constitute epistemic space. It is surprisingly difficult to make the intuitive picture precise. What sort of possibilities are we dealing with here? In particular, what is a scenario? And what is the relationship between scenarios and items of knowledge and belief? This chapter tries (...)
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  48. Foundations of the Faith: Twelve Studies in the Basic Christian Revelation.David J. Faut - 1951
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  49.  36
    Apparent approximations in sensorimotor transformations are due to errors in pointing.David J. Bennett & Eric P. Loeb - 1992 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15 (2):323-324.
  50.  29
    Philosophy and the Darwinian Legacy.David J. Depew - 1997 - Journal of the History of Philosophy 35 (3):480-481.
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