Results for 'David J. Hesselgrave'

961 found
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  1.  2
    Jumping to fixations: jumping to conclusions is associated with less hypothesis generation and more fixation.James G. Hillman, Brooke Burrows, Dana Jessen & David J. Hauser - forthcoming - Thinking and Reasoning.
    People who score high in the jumping to conclusions bias (JTC) require relatively little evidence to reach highly confident conclusions. However, they often feel as though they have done ample research in informing their decisions. What factors could account for this discrepancy? The current research examines one potential factor: how individuals (with varying degrees of the JTC bias) generate hypotheses to explain uncertain events prior to searching for evidence. Study 1 demonstrated that high JTC participants generated fewer hypotheses but were (...)
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  2.  58
    Integration of Social Information by Human Groups.Boris Granovskiy, Jason M. Gold, David J. T. Sumpter & Robert L. Goldstone - 2015 - Topics in Cognitive Science 7 (3):469-493.
    We consider a situation in which individuals search for accurate decisions without direct feedback on their accuracy, but with information about the decisions made by peers in their group. The “wisdom of crowds” hypothesis states that the average judgment of many individuals can give a good estimate of, for example, the outcomes of sporting events and the answers to trivia questions. Two conditions for the application of wisdom of crowds are that estimates should be independent and unbiased. Here, we study (...)
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  3.  19
    Controlled growth behavior of chemical vapor deposited Ni nanostructures.Keith T. Chan, Jimmy J. Kan, Christopher Doran, Lu Ouyang, David J. Smith & Eric E. Fullerton - 2012 - Philosophical Magazine 92 (17):2173-2186.
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  4. Chiavacci, David (2018). Inequality and the 2017 election: decreasing dominance of Abenomics and regional revitalization. In: Pekkanen, Robert J.; Reed, Steven R.; Scheiner, Ethan; Smith, Daniel M.. Japan Decides 2017. New York, 219-242.David Chiavacci, Robert J. Pekkanen, Steven R. Reed, Ethan Scheiner & Daniel M. Smith (eds.) - 2018
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  5.  64
    Adverse Selection in the Children’s Health Insurance Program.A. Morrisey Michael, Blackburn Justin, J. Becker David, Sen Bisakha, L. Kilgore Meredith, Caldwell Cathy & Menachemi Nir - 2015 - Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 52:004695801559355.
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  6.  30
    More Than Words: Extra-Sylvian Neuroanatomic Networks Support Indirect Speech Act Comprehension and Discourse in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia.Meghan Healey, Erica Howard, Molly Ungrady, Christopher A. Olm, Naomi Nevler, David J. Irwin & Murray Grossman - 2021 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 14.
    Indirect speech acts—responding “I forgot to wear my watch today” to someone who asked for the time—are ubiquitous in daily conversation, but are understudied in current neurobiological models of language. To comprehend an indirect speech act like this one, listeners must not only decode the lexical-semantic content of the utterance, but also make a pragmatic, bridging inference. This inference allows listeners to derive the speaker’s true, intended meaning—in the above dialog, for example, that the speaker cannot provide the time. In (...)
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  7.  16
    We Don’t Offer What Can’t Be Chosen: Why Harmful Consequences Should Not Be “Decisive” in Assessing Decision-Making.Philip Day, Marc Tunzi & David J. Satin - 2022 - American Journal of Bioethics 22 (10):60-62.
    In this Open Peer Commentary, we draw on our clinical experience to argue that instrumental paternalism carves a pathway to competent refusal of medical intervention. Whether C successfully navigat...
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  8.  20
    A model of human response to workload stress.Moira Lemay, Frances Layton & David J. Townsend - 1990 - Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 28 (6):547-550.
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  9. Verbal Disputes.David J. Chalmers - 2011 - Philosophical Review 120 (4):515-566.
    The philosophical interest of verbal disputes is twofold. First, they play a key role in philosophical method. Many philosophical disagreements are at least partly verbal, and almost every philosophical dispute has been diagnosed as verbal at some point. Here we can see the diagnosis of verbal disputes as a tool for philosophical progress. Second, they are interesting as a subject matter for first-order philosophy. Reflection on the existence and nature of verbal disputes can reveal something about the nature of concepts, (...)
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  10.  26
    Book Review Section 4. [REVIEW]Phyllis A. Katz, F. Raymond Mckenna, H. George Bonekemper, Charles E. Alberti, Larry L. Lorten, Richard H. Cummings, Richard S. Prawat, John P. Rickards, Joseph L. Devitis, Judith W. Leslie, Charles K. West, George F. Luger, David J. Kleinke, William E. Loadman & Laura D. Harckham - unknown
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  11.  10
    Plato and Plotinus on mysticism, epistemology, and ethics.David J. Yount - 2017 - New York: Bloomsbury Academic, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
    This book argues against the common view that there are no essential differences between Plato and the Neoplatonist philosopher, Plotinus, on the issues of mysticism, epistemology, and ethics. Beginning by examining the ways in which Plato and Plotinus claim that it is possible to have an ultimate experience that answers the most significant philosophical questions, David J. Yount provides an extended analysis of why we should interpret both philosophers as mystics. The book then moves on to demonstrate that both (...)
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  12.  13
    Rebirth of the translational machinery: The importance of recycling ribosomes.David J. Young & Nicholas R. Guydosh - 2022 - Bioessays 44 (4):2100269.
    Translation of the genetic code occurs in a cycle where ribosomes engage mRNAs, synthesize protein, and then disengage in order to repeat the process again. The final part of this process—ribosome recycling, where ribosomes dissociate from mRNAs—involves a complex molecular choreography of specific protein factors to remove the large and small subunits of the ribosome in a coordinated fashion. Errors in this process can lead to the accumulation of ribosomes at stop codons or translation of downstream open reading frames (ORFs). (...)
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  13. (1 other version)Studies in Presocratic Philosophy Edited by David J. Furley and R.E. Allen. --.David J. Furley & Reginald E. Allen - 1970 - Routledge and Kegan Paul.
  14. Does conceivability entail possibility.David J. Chalmers - 2002 - In Tamar Gendler & John Hawthorne, Conceivability and Possibility. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 145--200.
    There is a long tradition in philosophy of using a priori methods to draw conclusions about what is possible and what is necessary, and often in turn to draw conclusions about matters of substantive metaphysics. Arguments like this typically have three steps: first an epistemic claim , from there to a modal claim , and from there to a metaphysical claim.
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  15. Could a large language model be conscious?David J. Chalmers - 2023 - Boston Review 1.
    [This is an edited version of a keynote talk at the conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) on November 28, 2022, with some minor additions and subtractions.] -/- There has recently been widespread discussion of whether large language models might be sentient or conscious. Should we take this idea seriously? I will break down the strongest reasons for and against. Given mainstream assumptions in the science of consciousness, there are significant obstacles to consciousness in current models: for example, their (...)
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  16. Conceptual analysis and reductive explanation.David J. Chalmers & Frank Jackson - 2001 - Philosophical Review 110 (3):315-61.
    Is conceptual analysis required for reductive explanation? If there is no a priori entailment from microphysical truths to phenomenal truths, does reductive explanation of the phenomenal fail? We say yes . Ned Block and Robert Stalnaker say no.
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  17. Utilitarianism, Rights and Equality: David J. Crossley.David J. Crossley - 1990 - Utilitas 2 (1):40-54.
    Bentham's dictum, ‘everybody to count for one, nobody for more than one’, is frequently noted but seldom discussed by commentators. Perhaps it is not thought contentious or exciting because interpreted as merely reminding the utilitarian legislator to make certain that each person's interests are included, that no one is missed, in working the felicific calculus. Since no interests are secure against the maximizing directive of the utility principle, which allows them to be overridden or sacrificed, the dictum is not usually (...)
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  18. Transforming Mission: Paradigm Shifts in Theology of Mission.David J. Bosch - 1991
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  19. Consciousness and the Collapse of the Wave Function.David J. Chalmers & Kelvin J. McQueen - 2022 - In Shan Gao, Consciousness and Quantum Mechanics. Oxford University Press, Usa.
    Does consciousness collapse the quantum wave function? This idea was taken seriously by John von Neumann and Eugene Wigner but is now widely dismissed. We develop the idea by combining a mathematical theory of consciousness (integrated information theory) with an account of quantum collapse dynamics (continuous spontaneous localization). Simple versions of the theory are falsified by the quantum Zeno effect, but more complex versions remain compatible with empirical evidence. In principle, versions of the theory can be tested by experiments with (...)
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  20. Phenomenal Structuralism.David J. Chalmers - 2012 - In David Chalmers, Constructing the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 412-422.
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  21. Materialism and the metaphysics of modality.David J. Chalmers - 1999 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59 (2):473-96.
    This appeared in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59:473-93, as a response to four papers in a symposium on my book The Conscious Mind . Most of it should be comprehensible without having read the papers in question. This paper is for an audience of philosophers and so is relatively technical. It will probably also help to have read some of the book. The papers I’m responding to are: Chris Hill & Brian McLaughlin, There are fewer things in reality than are (...)
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  22.  49
    Combined action observation and imagery facilitates corticospinal excitability.David J. Wright, Jacqueline Williams & Paul S. Holmes - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  23.  21
    Kierkegaard's Instant: On Beginnings.David J. Kangas - 2007 - Indiana University Press.
    In Kierkegaard’s Instant, David J. Kangas reads Kierkegaard to reveal his radical thinking about temporality. For Kierkegaard, the instant of becoming, in which everything changes in the blink of an eye, eludes recollection and anticipation. It constitutes a beginning always already at work. As Kangas shows, Kierkegaard’s retrieval of the sudden quality of temporality allows him to stage a deep critique of the idealist projects of Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel. By linking Kierkegaard’s thought to the tradition of Meister Eckhart, (...)
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  24. Darwinism Evolving. System Dynamics and the Genealogy of Natural Selection.David J. Depew, Bruce H. Weber & Ernst Mayr - 1996 - History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 18 (1):135.
     
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  25.  42
    Personal Values’ Influence on the Ethical Dimension of Decision Making.David J. Fritzsche & Effy Oz - 2007 - Journal of Business Ethics 75 (4):335-343.
    Personal values have long been associated with individual decision behavior. The role played by personal values in decision making within an organization is less clear. Past research has found that managers tend to respond to ethical dilemmas situationally. This study examines the relationship between personal values and the ethical dimension of decision making using Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. The study examines personal values as they relate to five types of ethical dilemmas. We found a significant positive contribution of altruistic (...)
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  26.  30
    The School Effect: A Study of Multi-Racial Comprehensives.David J. Smith & Sally Tomlinson - 1990 - British Journal of Educational Studies 38 (2):187-188.
  27. Phenomenal concepts and the explanatory gap.David J. Chalmers - 2006 - In Torin Alter & Sven Walter, Phenomenal Concepts and Phenomenal Knowledge: New Essays on Consciousness and Physicalism. New York, US: Oxford University Press.
    Confronted with the apparent explanatory gap between physical processes and consciousness, there are many possible reactions. Some deny that any explanatory gap exists at all. Some hold that there is an explanatory gap for now, but that it will eventually be closed. Some hold that the explanatory gap corresponds to an ontological gap in nature.
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  28. The Machine Question: Critical Perspectives on Ai, Robots, and Ethics.David J. Gunkel - 2012 - MIT Press.
    One of the enduring concerns of moral philosophy is deciding who or what is deserving of ethical consideration. Much recent attention has been devoted to the "animal question" -- consideration of the moral status of nonhuman animals. In this book, David Gunkel takes up the "machine question": whether and to what extent intelligent and autonomous machines of our own making can be considered to have legitimate moral responsibilities and any legitimate claim to moral consideration. The machine question poses a (...)
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  29.  26
    Natural Teleology.David J. Buller - 1999 - In Function, Selection, and Design. State University of New York Press. pp. 1-27.
    This paper is the introduction to Function, Selection, and Design, consisting of the following sections: 1. Introduction 2. The Philosophical Problem 3. Recent Prehistory: The "State of the Art" in the 1960s 4. Wright and Cummins 5. Millikan 6. The Core Consensus and the Peripheral Disagreements 7. Unconclusion.
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  30. The Problem of Respecting Higher-Order Doubt.David J. Alexander - 2013 - Philosophers' Imprint 13.
    This paper argues that higher-order doubt generates an epistemic dilemma. One has a higher-order doubt with regards to P insofar as one justifiably withholds belief as to what attitude towards P is justified. That is, one justifiably withholds belief as to whether one is justified in believing, disbelieving, or withholding belief in P. Using the resources provided by Richard Feldman’s recent discussion of how to respect one’s evidence, I argue that if one has a higher-order doubt with regards to P, (...)
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  31. Inferentialism, Australian style.David J. Chalmers - 2021 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 92.
  32. Is experience ubiquitous?David J. Chalmers - 2014 - In Zoltan Torey, The conscious mind. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press.
     
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  33. Seeing Shape: Shape Appearances and Shape Constancy.David J. Bennett - 2012 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 63 (3):487-518.
    A coin rotating back in depth in some sense presents a changing, elliptical shape. How are we to understand such (in this case) ‘appearances of ellipticality’? How is the experiential sense of such shifting shape appearances related to the experiential sense of enduring shape definitive of perceived shape constancy? Is the experiential recovery of surface shape based on the prior (perhaps more fundamental) recovery of point or element 3D spatial locations?—or is the perception of shape a largely independent perceptual achievement? (...)
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  34. Propositional interpretability in artificial intelligence.David J. Chalmers - manuscript
    Mechanistic interpretability is the program of explaining what AI systems are doing in terms of their internal mechanisms. I analyze some aspects of the program, along with setting out some concrete challenges and assessing progress to date. I argue for the importance of propositional interpretability, which involves interpreting a system’s mechanisms and behav- ior in terms of propositional attitudes: attitudes (such as belief, desire, or subjective probabil- ity) to propositions (e.g. the proposition that it is hot outside). Propositional attitudes are (...)
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  35. Debate: What is Personhood in the Age of AI?David J. Gunkel & Jordan Joseph Wales - 2021 - AI and Society 36 (2):473–486.
    In a friendly interdisciplinary debate, we interrogate from several vantage points the question of “personhood” in light of contemporary and near-future forms of social AI. David J. Gunkel approaches the matter from a philosophical and legal standpoint, while Jordan Wales offers reflections theological and psychological. Attending to metaphysical, moral, social, and legal understandings of personhood, we ask about the position of apparently personal artificial intelligences in our society and individual lives. Re-examining the “person” and questioning prominent construals of that (...)
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  36.  14
    Cognitive style, cortical stimulation, and the conversion hypothesis.David J. M. Kraemer, Roy H. Hamilton, Samuel B. Messing, Jennifer H. DeSantis & Sharon L. Thompson-Schill - 2014 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 8.
  37. The computational and the representational language-of-thought hypotheses.David J. Chalmers - 2023 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 46:e269.
    There are two versions of the language-of-thought hypothesis (LOT): Representational LOT (roughly, structured representation), introduced by Ockham, and computational LOT (roughly, symbolic computation) introduced by Fodor. Like many others, I oppose the latter but not the former. Quilty-Dunn et al. defend representational LOT, but they do not defend the strong computational LOT thesis central to the classical-connectionist debate.
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  38. Does thought require sensory grounding? From pure thinkers to large language models.David J. Chalmers - 2023 - Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 97:22-45.
    Does the capacity to think require the capacity to sense? A lively debate on this topic runs throughout the history of philosophy and now animates discussions of artificial intelligence. Many have argued that AI systems such as large language models cannot think and understand if they lack sensory grounding. I argue that thought does not require sensory grounding: there can be pure thinkers who can think without any sensory capacities. As a result, the absence of sensory grounding does not entail (...)
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  39. The puzzle of conscious experience.David J. Chalmers - 1995 - Scientific American 273 (6):80-86.
    Conscious experience is at once the most familiar thing in the world and the most mysterious. There is nothing we know about more directly than consciousness, but it is extraordinarily hard to reconcile it with everything else we know. Why does it exist? What does it do? How could it possibly arise from neural processes in the brain? These questions are among the most intriguing in all of science.
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  40. Spatiotemporal functionalism v. the conceivability of zombies.David J. Chalmers - 2020 - Noûs 54 (2):488-497.
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  41. Phenomenal concepts and the knowledge argument.David J. Chalmers - 2004 - In Peter Ludlow, Yujin Nagasawa & Daniel Stoljar, There's Something About Mary: Essays on Phenomenal Consciousness and Frank Jackson's Knowledge Argument. MIT Press. pp. 269.
    *[[This paper is largely based on material in other papers. The first three sections and the appendix are drawn with minor modifications from Chalmers 2002c . The main ideas of the last three sections are drawn from Chalmers 1996, 1999, and 2002a, although with considerable revision and elaboration. ]].
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  42.  84
    Conceptual Change and the Philosophy of Science: Alternative Interpretations of the a Priori.David J. Stump - 2015 - New York: Routledge.
    In this book, David Stump traces alternative conceptions of the a priori in the philosophy of science and defends a unique position in the current debates over conceptual change and the constitutive elements in science. Stump emphasizes the unique epistemological status of the constitutive elements of scientific theories, constitutive elements being the necessary preconditions that must be assumed in order to conduct a particular scientific inquiry. These constitutive elements, such as logic, mathematics, and even some fundamental laws of nature, (...)
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  43.  8
    Religious and Secular Foundations of Universal Human Rights and Equality before the Law.David J. Klassen - 2014 - Philosophy, Culture, and Traditions 10:35-51.
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  44.  55
    Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.David J. Kavanagh, Jackie Andrade & Jon May - 2005 - Psychological Review 112 (2):446-467.
  45.  26
    A History of Buddhist Philosophy: Continuities and Discontinuities.David J. Kalupahana - 1992 - University of Hawaii Press.
    David J. Kalupahana's Buddhist Philosophy: A Historical Analysis has, since its original publication in 1976, offered an unequaled introduction to the philosophical principles and historical development of Buddhism. Now, representing the culmination of Dr. Kalupahana's thirty years of scholarly research and reflection, A History of Buddhist Philosophy builds upon and surpasses that earlier work, providing a completely reconstructed, detailed analysis of both early and later Buddhism.
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  46.  33
    Viewing Instructions Accompanying Action Observation Modulate Corticospinal Excitability.David J. Wright, Sheree A. McCormick, Jacqueline Williams & Paul S. Holmes - 2016 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 10.
  47.  28
    Automaticity of walking: functional significance, mechanisms, measurement and rehabilitation strategies.David J. Clark - 2015 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 9.
  48.  73
    Buddhist Philosophy: A Historical Analysis.David J. Kalupahana - 1978 - Philosophical Review 87 (2):316-319.
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  49. Foundations of the Faith: Twelve Studies in the Basic Christian Revelation.David J. Faut - 1951
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  50.  66
    Were Tuskegee & Willowbrook 'Studies in Nature'?David J. Rothman - 1982 - Hastings Center Report 12 (2):5-7.
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